I received a Ph.D. in Animal Systematics from the University of Lisbon in 1984. I am a retired professor of Animal Biology at the University of Lisbon. My research focuses on Ecology and Adaptation of Small Mammals. For many years I have been involved in field and experimental research small mammals using as model systems. Currently I am involved in an European Network directed at the preparation of the Atlas of European Mammals as national coordinator. My current research is driven by three overarching objectives: how species interact with their immediate environment? What are potential range shifts and habitat changes that species may undergo as a result of changing climatic conditions? What are the ecological consequences of climate-driven range changes in different small mammal species?.